By Shirley Pate | hcvanalysis.wordpress.com
Long before Bretton Woods and the establishment of the IMF
and World Bank, the U.S. and
France besieged Haiti with
schemes involving extortion and outright theft of Haitian government funds
leaving Haiti
in perpetual debt.
Paying for Winning the Revolution
Approximately 21 years after Haiti trounced General Bonaparte’s army in the Revolution, France proved that it was incapable
of accepting the defeat.
In 1825, France promised the Haitian government that it would not invade Haiti again if
it paid 90 million in gold francs (approximately $22 billion in today’s
currency) for restitution to France and French slave owners for lost
“property.” Yes, this included slaves.
The idea of being colonized by France again combined with France’s
mammoth economic power left Haiti little choice. To make the first payment, Haiti had to close down all of its
public schools and it took until 1947 to pay off the debt entirely. It’s no
wonder that Haiti is considered the first case of structural adjustment.
A Shameful U.S. Occupation...
In 1911, a consortium of American firms took over the
concession to build Haiti’s
National Railway system. In 1914, because of sub-standard workmanship and the
consortium’s failure to lay track in mountainous areas, the Haitian government
refused to make any more payments.
The National City Bank of New York,
representing the consortium, claimed that it was not able to fulfill the
contract because of frequent revolutions and demanded that Haiti pay the
consortium $33,000 for every mile of the track including those portions not
laid.
In December 1914, a contingent of U.S. Marines was sent to
Haiti to remove over one half million dollars of Haitian funds from the Banque
Nationale for deposit in the National City Bank in New York for
“safekeeping.”
In 1915, the U.S. Marines invaded Haiti and established an occupation
that would not end until 1934.
I suppose General Smedley Butler, a high-ranking U.S. Marine
occupation official, was right when he suggested the U.S. Marines invaded Haiti as a bill collector for the National City
Bank of New York.
The 19 years of U.S.occupation robbed what little was left in Haiti as Dr. Normil Sylvain, a
Haitian, describes in 1926 (from a book entitled, Occupied Haiti by E.
Balch):
“I know they throw the history of Haiti in our
face – its long tissue of revolutions and massacres. Yet the American war with
the Cacos killed more people than 10 or 20 revolutions put together; it
devastated whole regions and ruined the cattle of Haiti, as veterinary experts can
testify if they are honest. Revolutions were fomented by foreigners — English,
French, American, Dutch traders — who risked nothing, and always profited.
Loans, which dealt rather in human lives than in merchandise, were made at
rates of 1,000 percent and those who thus enriched themselves overthrew any
government that was not subservient to them.”
In its first two hundred years, Haiti never had a chance.
Visit the
Haiti-Cuba-Venezuela>analysis blog.
Download Jubilee USA’s
Haiti Fact Sheet
Hey Shirley, I hardly recognize you! You've grown younger with the age. Thanks for posting this piece. The Haiti story needs retelling over and over.
Our group, Human Rights Accompaniment in Haiti (Hurah, Inc.) is still active, though the work is still overwhelming and there are little or no resources. Debt relief can't come to soon! To think it all started with the EPICA delegation we were part of in 2004.
I just went to Randall Robinson's book signing here in Oakland. Wonderful man, wonderful book, "An Unbroken Agony" Something all pro-democracy people wanting to undo the burden of the US in Haiti must read.
I'm on day 16 of full fast (juice, water, cayenne pepper) and am very glad Jubilee USA promoted the fast. I was getting old quickly and this fast serves a health purpose as well, although I love food. Spiritually it is right on.
Out here in Barbara Lee territory we don't have anything to do but to reach out beyond her district. We are working on Diane Feinstein and Barbara Boxer, of course. I'm going to peace actions regularly and passing out my Haiti-debt flyers.
Take care,
Tom
Posted by: Tom Luce | 21 September 2007 at 09:31 PM